![]() * Rene Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy, trans. ![]() When you are not quoting another person directly, but are still making use of their work - as in indirect quotations (eg "Descartes says that it is wise not to trust something that has deceived us before"*), paraphrases, summaries, and cobblings -you must still acknowledge your debts, using footnotes or endnotes. In both cases, the quotations must be given proper referencingin a footnote or endnote. In this essay I shall argue that prudence does not in fact require us to distrust our senses and that Descartes's sceptical method is therefore seriously flawed. ![]() But from time to time I have found that the senses deceive, and it is prudent never to trust completely those who have deceived us even once.* Whatever I have up till now accepted as most true I have acquired either from the senses or through the senses. In his First Meditation, Descartes argues as follows: Note that it is relatively arbitrary whether one uses 'single' or "double" quotation marks for "first order" quotations, but whichever style you adopt, use it consistently in the one essay.) Alternatively, where the quoted passage is greater than three lines, put the quoted words in a separate indented paragraph, so that your essay would look like this: (eg "Descartes said that 'it is prudent never to trust completely those who have deceived us even once.'* He makes this claim …" - where the words quoted from Descartes are in 'single quotation marks'. When you quote the words of someone else directly, you must make the quotation clearly distinct from your own text, using quotation marks. Of course, some quotation will usually be important and useful - sometimes essential - in both exposition and critical discussion. The markers know the central texts pretty well already and so don't need to have pages thereof repeated in front of them. Quotations in your essay should be kept to a minimum. Quotations, footnotes, endnotes and bibliography Quotations
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